International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Dominance, Resistance and Hegemony: A Historical Analysis of Sport in Latin AmericaYomee Lee 14(1) 1-12, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.1
TitleDominance, Resistance and Hegemony: A Historical Analysis of Sport in Latin America
Yomee Lee DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.1 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explain how sport was shaped and molded through the intersections of the economic, political and cultural currents of various countries in Latin America. More specifically, by exploring the historical background of the development of sport, particularly related to baseball and soccer in Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Brazil, and Yucatan in Mexico, this study offers a glimpse at understanding how these forms of sports became an integral part of culture and society of these countries. The study was guided and inspired by arguments made by sport studies scholars who see sport as a cultural phenomenon, rich with sources to help us understand and explain society better (Birrell, 1989; Coakley, 2017; Yiannakis & Melnick, 2001). Also, this study employed a historical analysis method to deepen our understanding of culture and society within various contexts (Mandelbaum, 1977; Seifried, 2007). The study revealed that sport, as an important part of cultural practice, often intersected with complex and complex social dynamics and played a significant role as a powerful cultural tool with which people created meanings and significance surrounding it. Because Latin America is rich with diverse ethnicity and culture, the scope of this study was limited to sport in the few countries mentioned above. The underlying cultural ideology of dominance, resistance, cultural hegemony was the focal point of the study as they profoundly influenced and contoured the sporting experiences in people in the countries mentioned above. Key WordsLatin America, historical analysis, baseball, soccer, politics |
Basketball Official’s Training and Development: Links to RetentionNathan Ferdinand , Han Soo Kim , Andre Simmond , Minjung Kim 14(1) 13-23, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.2
TitleBasketball Official’s Training and Development: Links to Retention
Nathan Ferdinand , Han Soo Kim , Andre Simmond , Minjung Kim DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.2 AbstractThe purpose of this current study is to examine the relationships among methods and outcomes of training, continuing education, and referee retention for high school basketball officials in the United States. A cross-sectional design was created using an online survey which combined officials’ training methods and outcomes, the referee retention scale (RRS), and a retention likelihood scale. The results of this study stated that all training methods and outcomes were statistically correlated with officials’ ratings of continuing education. Additionally, three factors of RRS (lack of stress, sense of community, and administrator consideration) explained a significant amount of variance in the likelihood of retention for officials. Thus, associations may increase the likelihood of training satisfaction among their officials through methods and outcomes of training, while also utilizing the RRS as a tool to evaluate their performance in factors relating to retention. Future research that further explores relationships between training methods and outcomes of interest is highly recommended, including within sub-populations of the officiating community. Key Wordssport officials, official training, referee retention, high school sports |
The Effects of Different Types of Self-Presentation Strategy on Consumers’ Happiness and Subjective Vitality: The Moderating Effect of Facebook IntensityWon-seok Jang , Ji-hoon Kim 14(1) 25-37, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.3
TitleThe Effects of Different Types of Self-Presentation Strategy on Consumers’ Happiness and Subjective Vitality: The Moderating Effect of Facebook Intensity
Won-seok Jang , Ji-hoon Kim DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.3 AbstractThe current study investigated the consequences of two different types of self-presentation strategy on Facebook (FB) users’ subjective well-being (SWB). In particular, this study identified FB intensity as a key factor that determines the relative effect of true and strategic self-presentation on users’ SWB. The results indicated that strategic self-presentation led to a greater degree of vitality for intensive FB users compared to true self-presentation. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in vitality between true and strategic self-presentation for less intensive FB users. These findings advance our knowledge of how different self-presentation strategies determine the effect of FB usage on users’ SWB depending on the level of FB intensity. Key WordsFacebook, self-presentation, Facebook intensity, subjective well-being, sport consumption |
Converging Development Between Sports Industry and Elderly Care Service Industry in China: Connotations, Status and TrendsYoun Seonghyun , Han Song 14(1) 39-56, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.4
TitleConverging Development Between Sports Industry and Elderly Care Service Industry in China: Connotations, Status and Trends
Youn Seonghyun , Han Song DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.4 AbstractWith the release of State Council Document No.46 in 2014, China has been actively boosting industrial converging development between sports and elderly care service. To explore the feasibility of Chinese government’s decision on the industrial converging development, this article briefly reviews the origins of sports industry and elderly care service industry in China, and mainly discusses the current coupling degree, the future development and the policy proposal for industrial convergence between two industries, using the methods of qualitative framing analysis and quantitative framing analysis. The conclusion indicates that converging development between sports industry and elderly care service industry implies an expanded, innovative and upgraded development process of sports-for-seniors market, and there is a great room for future improvement in the converging development as the level of coupling degree rapidly shifts in four years which means more untapped market opportunities would be created. In addition, sports-for-seniors market has the potential to generate a brand new cross-cutting commercial system according to the grey forecasting of per capita disposable income of China’s senior citizen from 2018 to 2025. For the policy maker, developing a concrete and flexible segmented sports-for-seniors market, improving the multi-pillar endowment insurance and promoting a national education of responding proactively to population aging should be taken into account. Key Wordssports industry, elderly care service industry, converging development, innovative, sports-for-seniors |
The Review of Effective Exercise Prescription for Dementia PatientsJong-jin Kim , Byung-kon Yoon 14(1) 57-68, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.5
TitleThe Review of Effective Exercise Prescription for Dementia Patients
Jong-jin Kim , Byung-kon Yoon DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.5 AbstractThe increased incidence of dementia, along with the growing elderly population, is caused of various problems such as cognitive decline, and can result in a decrease in the quality of life for the elderly. Currently, treatment is attempted in various ways to alleviate symptoms of dementia. Specially, non-medical interventions through exercise are increasingly being considered. However, exercise recommendations for the treatment of dementia are still not well established. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the prior studies in order to provide the appropriate exercise prescriptions for dementia patients. In this study, it is considered that moderate-intensity exercise rather than low-intensity or high-intensity exercise has a positive effect on dementia, and it should be considered that the overall amount of exercise subjectively felt by subjects rather than general intensity setting. Therefore, in future studies, it is necessary to conduct various studies to find suitable intensity for individual’s fitness levels and characteristics. In addition, the most suitable criteria of exercise for dementia patients should be presented. Key WordsDementia, Cognitive function, Exercise prescription, BDNF, Irisin |
Comparison of the Effect of Zumba and Aerobic Training on Body Composition and Balance in Young Obese WomenSoon-mi Choi , Kristine Russell , Karishma Shah , Benjamin Van Winkle , Sukho Lee 14(1) 69-79, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.6
TitleComparison of the Effect of Zumba and Aerobic Training on Body Composition and Balance in Young Obese Women
Soon-mi Choi , Kristine Russell , Karishma Shah , Benjamin Van Winkle , Sukho Lee DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.6 AbstractZumba fitness (Zumba) is a Latin-inspired dance-fitness program that blends Latin music and repetitive steps/dance moves that form a "fitness-party”. Despite its widespread popularity with more than 14 million people having participated in Zumba in over 186 countries, more evidence is needed to evaluate its effectiveness as a mode of exercise training across a variety of physiologic parameters. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Zumba training and aerobic training on body composition and balance in young obese women. Fourteen young obese women, aged 24.6±5.7 years, completed the intervention in two groups: Zumba training group (ZT; n=6) and aerobic exercise training group (AT; n=8). Participants in ZT performed the Zumba fitness at 60-80% of maximal heart rate, 60 min/session, and 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks, whereas participants in AT performed aerobic exercises including walking and/or jogging on a treadmill or elliptical machine as well as cycling on cycle ergometer at the same exercise intensity, frequency and duration as the ZT. Height (cm), body mass (kg), waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm), percent body fat (%), blood pressure (mmHg), resting heart rate (b· min-1), blood glucose (mg·dL-1), blood lipids (mg·dL-1), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max, ml·kg-1 ·min-1), muscular strength (kg), and balance (sec) were measured pre- and post-exercise training, and the results were analyzed utilizing a repeated measures two-way ANOVA. There was a significant difference (p=.012) between ZT (12.2±3.5, 20.8±8.6) and AT (13.1±5.9, 13.6±5.0) groups for right leg balance time (seconds) with a significant difference (p=.022) in pre and post measures in the ZT group. Additionally, there was a significant difference (p=.032) seen in pre and post measures in ZT (8.8±6.2, 17.7±15.4) for left leg balance. Systolic blood pressure (p=.013) and diastolic blood pressure (p=.032) decreased significantly in both groups. There was no significant difference in other parameters after 8 weeks of training. The results indicate that Zumba may be a better exercise regimen than aerobic exercise to improve balance in young obese women as well as waist circumference. Key WordsZumba Fitness, Dance, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, Balance |
Stable Body Temperature in Trained Runners Despite Localized Heating within Alter GTM TreadmillJames F. Hokanson , Allison Schumann , Casey Austin 14(1) 81-94, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.7
TitleStable Body Temperature in Trained Runners Despite Localized Heating within Alter GTM Treadmill
James F. Hokanson , Allison Schumann , Casey Austin DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.7 AbstractLower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPT) are beneficial for rehabilitation and exercise training. Running on a LBPP treadmill (AlterGTM) involves sealing the lower half of the body in a high air pressure flexible sealed chamber to simulate exercise at lower body weight. The effects of the sealed chamber on treadmill and tympanic temperature during exercise have yet to be investigated. The purpose of the study was to measure treadmill and tympanic temperatures while participants were running on a normal treadmill and compare temperatures to running on a LBPP treadmill. Fifteen well-trained runners completed three running trials on a LBPP treadmill at 60, 75, and 85% of body weight (BW). A 100% BW trial was run on a normal treadmill. Participants ran at three steady state speeds (2.9, 3.4, and 3.8 m·s-1) for four minutes each. Room air, tympanic, and LBPPT chamber temperatures (°C) were recorded. The main finding was that treadmill temperature was significantly greater among the three BW conditions on the LBPPT compared to normal treadmill (average of all LBPPT, 30.7 ± 2.3°C, normal treadmill, 22.5 ± 2.1°C). Tympanic temperatures were not different between all BW conditions. Runners may use LBPPT for rehabilitation or low-impact training yet should be aware of the increase in LBPP chamber temperature. Key Wordsbody temperature, Alter G, sub, TM, sub, lower body positive pressure treadmill, treadmill temperature, unweighting |
Effects of Modified Insole on Lower Extremities Biomechanics in College Male Basketball PlayersKwantae Kim , Mi-sun Kim , Ki-kwang Lee , Hsien-te Peng 14(1) 95-103, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.8
TitleEffects of Modified Insole on Lower Extremities Biomechanics in College Male Basketball Players
Kwantae Kim , Mi-sun Kim , Ki-kwang Lee , Hsien-te Peng DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.8 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fore-medial-side thin insole on lower extremities kinematics and kinetics in college male basketball players. Seven male college basketball players voluntarily participated in the study (heights= 173.1 ± 3.1 cm; weights= 68.6 ± 5.7 kg; age= 21.1 ± 2.0 yrs.). They wore the same basketball shoes with 2 types of insoles: one type was original insole (OI); another one was fore-medial-side gradually thin insole (TI). Participants were asked to perform L-cut, V-cut, Backdoor-cut, walk, shuttle run of basketball movement in a 5-meter running way with their maximum speed. They were instructed to step with their right leg when they changed direction. The kinematic and kinetic data were collected during support phase. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test and the effect size were used to determine the difference of the variables of interest between the original and fore-medial-side thin insoles. The fore-medial-side thin insole showed less foot inversion angle at contact, peak ankle lateral shear force and ankle dorsiflexion moment than the original insole in L-cut (p<.05). In V-cut, the fore-medial-side thin insole showed less hip internal rotation at contact than the original insole (p<.05). In the shuttle run, the fore-medial-side thin insole showed less hip abduction at contact than the original insole (p<.05). In case of foot pressure, it showed no statistically significant but had large effect size on left foot’s pressure time integral (PTI), in L-cut (≥0.8), large effect size on left foot’s PCP, PTI, right foot’s PTI in V-cut (≥0.8), large effect size on left foot’s peak contact pressure of 1st metatarsal (PCP), PTI, peak pressure gradient (PPG), right foot’s PTI in BD-cut (≥0.8), large effect size on left foot’s PTI, medium effect size on left foot’s PPG (≥0.5), and medium effect size on left foot’s the distance from the point of peak contact pressure to the medial edge of 1st metatarsal (PCPd) (≥0.5). In conclusion, the fore-medial-side thin insole can help to push our body to the medial side and decrease the risk of injuries of the lower extremity during cutting movements. Key Wordsmodified insole, kinematics, kinetics |
Relationship Between Neurocognition Level and Neuromuscular Strategy During Landing in Female Recreational AthletesSunghe Ha , Sae Yong Lee 14(1) 105-113, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.9
TitleRelationship Between Neurocognition Level and Neuromuscular Strategy During Landing in Female Recreational Athletes
Sunghe Ha , Sae Yong Lee DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.9 AbstractIf judgment errors regarding ground conditions or fall height occur in the feedforward control process, players can be exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal injury to the lower extremity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of neurocognition level on neuromuscular strategy during landing in female recreational soccer players. Ten female recreational soccer players (age: 21.2 ± 3.4 years, height: 163.8 ± 3.8 cm, body mass: 57.0 ± 8.3 kg) participated in this study. Neurocognition levels were analyzed using the Central Nervous System Vital Signs test, and the muscle activation patterns, angles of the agonist lower extremity, and vertical ground reaction force were analyzed. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between neurocognition and neuromuscular landing strategy. The results indicate that the neurocognition level correlates with muscle activation and kinematics of the lower extremity. We found a clear correlation between neurocognition scores and integral muscle activation as well as the kinematics of the lower extremity. Moreover, we found that higher neurocognition scores corresponded to an improved neuromuscular landing strategy in regard to deceleration, increased knee stability, and improved shock absorption during landing. Key Wordsanterior cruciate ligament, computerized cognitive testing, electromyography, soccer, women |
Mechanisms of Bradykinesia in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A ReviewJae Woo Chung 14(1) 115-124, 2020 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.10
TitleMechanisms of Bradykinesia in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
Jae Woo Chung DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.10 AbstractThe purpose of this review is to understand why in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) present with bradykinesia (i.e., slowness of movement). Bradykinesia reflects difficulties in motor plan, initiation and execution of movement. Clinically, bradykinesia is used to as a marker of disease severity, and is used to understand underlying mechanisms of motor disabilities in people with PD. In this review, we focus on the neurophysiology of bradykinesia by discussing the role of basal ganglia-cortical motor pathway. Moreover, we will discuss the neuromuscular characterization of bradykinesia in clinical and experimental studies in PD. Upon completing this review, human movement science scholars and practitioners should have a more comprehension understanding of the connections between the mechanisms of human movements and understanding neurophysiology of bradykinesia in PD. Key WordsParkinson’s disease, bradykinesia, slowness movement, movement disorder |